Populorum Progressio free essay sample

This encyclical proposes a Christian way to deal with advancement, stressing that economies should serve all individuals not simply the couple of, in light of the standard of the widespread goal of products. It tends to one side of the laborers to a simply compensation and security of business, reasonable and sensible working conditions and the option to unionize. The improvement of countries and people groups is of incredible enthusiasm to the Church, which is particularly worried for the individuals who look to get away from hunger, destitution, illness, and numbness. While numerous countries have been honored with wealth, they have to hear their siblings weep for help and answer it affectionately. The Church is focused on pushing for a protected food gracefully, remedies for maladies, and stable work. Every country needs the social and monetary structure important to accomplish development. The developing hole among rich and helpless countries and expanding indications of social distress show the seriousness of the circumstance. We will compose a custom article test on Populorum Progressio or then again any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The Church has since quite a while ago put forth attempts to enable countries to grow, however their extraordinary needs should be replied by their kindred nations. It has been the obligation of mankind to fill the earth and repress it (Genesis 1:28) through physical work. The earth was made to give every individual the necessities of life. The encyclical proceeds by examining the worth and hazard of industrialization and suggests a decent methodology toward improvement. All of mankind is called to assist toward aiding those out of luck. Advancement as an objective must incorporate both social advancement just as monetary development, permitting people to promote their ethical development and build up their profound enrichments. Essential instruction is vital for monetary improvement proficiency is the first and most fundamental device for individual advancement and social mix. (Section 35) There are three significant obligations that must be finished for the world to accomplish advancement: The obligation of Human Solidarity The wealthiest countries must give help and advance solidarity with creating countries. The obligation of Social Justice Fair exchanging relations among solid and helpless countries must be set up. The obligation of Universal Charity The world should likewise concentrate on all inclusive foundation by building an increasingly altruistic world network. We should all ask that God will twist each exertion of psyche and soul to the destruction of the indecencies that plague our reality. (Section 75) The world must cooperate for the benefit of all and abrogate appetite, neediness, and shamefulness. His Holiness closed the encyclical by approaching Catholic, different Christians, and to all of mankind cooperate to accomplish progress in these undertakings.

Cinematic Portrayal of Iranian Women Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Realistic Portrayal of Iranian Women - Essay Example The job of ladies in the Iranian culture has extraordinarily developed and this advancement is effectively perceptible through the noteworthy number of changes that encouraged in the true to life depiction. Ladies everywhere throughout the world have encountered massive measure of social weights and commitments, in short straightforward words the situation of ladies has been the subject of incalculable writing and realistic pieces. Iran is a profoundly man centric culture since its rise as an amazing domain to its foundation as an Islamic republic, a woman’s sole obligation was to work well for her better half and take care of his being. Before the film had increased colossal prominence, numerous written works concentrated on the attributes of a decent lady and a terrible lady and how a man’s destiny relies upon the character of his better half. (Donmez-Colin, 2004, p.155-170) Therefore, creators and artists appeared to consider the lady liable for any kind of setback t hat would occur for her better half. The man centric society was truly clear however during the 30’s there were innumerable motion pictures that demonstrated a stiff-necked female lead yet there job and talk in the film were particularly when delineating sexuality. Ladies were not so much treated as representative for sexuality; to a great extent they assumed jobs of youthful maid in trouble, anyway they shed noteworthy measure of light on the quality of a woman’s to stand up to every one of her issues. The motion pictures at that point followed a severe feministic subject and as a rule alongside a female lead there were voracious and salacious foe that ended up being the prime wellspring of contention in the film plot. The business accomplishment of films, for example, Dokhtar-e-Lor or the Lor Girl in 1933 demonstrated the hardships and situation of a tramp lady. In spite of the fact that the film involved solid authentic blunders and various directorial blemishes how ever the gallant story of Golonar, the Lor Girl turned into a moment accomplishment on a global front. The primary hero was played by an Iranian artist and the film proliferated a dynamic picture of the Iranian culture that the Shah needed to build up. The plot of the motion pictures to a great extent spun around the local issues of ladies and since their jobs in the general public was fairly constrained. (Lahiji, 2011) However, when the Islamic upheaval had occurred the Iranian culture turned out to be to a great extent sexist in their practices. There was not really any opportunity given to the female populace and now women’s cooperation in theater and movies quickly declined as it was obligatory for ladies to wear hijab and they couldn't step out of their homes without their â€Å"mahram’, which is an aggregate term for a woman’s male relative, for example, spouse, sibling or father. One of the fundamental downsides that happened because of this training was prostitution, a difficult that was additionally exacerbated by the Iran-Iraq war. (Donmez-Colin, 2004, p.155-170 and Dabashi, 2001, p. 7) Since the vast majority of the male individuals from the family had done battle, ladies had no real option except to help their families by depending on prostitution. In a nation administered by strict rules, however prostitution dealings are done from behind a shroud yet every one of these components are quite wild in Iran. Iranian ladies are the prime survivors of residential and conjugal viciousness. On a household front as well as ladies need to persevere through incredible barbarities particularly the criminal equity and remedial framework for ladies is regularly marked as being savage. Ladies detainees live in dreadful conditions and are dealt with like creatures. They are frequently exposed to severe physical and sexual maltreatment, during the Khomeini period any virgin detainee on a death row

Policy Recommendation for Bill Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Strategy Recommendation for Bill - Term Paper Example As authoritative partner for Representative Jackson, I have advanced my contention ‘against’ the bill. For quite a while, men have been the objective of medication related acts and a plenty of them have needed to confront the sentence, for disregarding rules and for surpassing restrictions. Be that as it may, during the 1980s, the media-created endemic of ‘crack babies’ has added fuel to the issue of pregnant ladies taking to drugs, particularly cocaine and the inevitable wellbeing related issues of the kid, prompting neediness and under-development of the kid. The pre-natal development of the youngster has prompted such a conviction and this has honey bee fuelled by distortion of data by the media and different quarters. It is without a doubt genuine that utilization of medications by pregnant ladies can be hurtful to the hatchling, and can prompted pre-natal medical issues. â€Å"An article in the clinical diary Lancet in 1989 found that logical investigations that presumed that presentation to cocaine prenatally effectsly affected the embryo had a fundamentally higher possibility of being distributed than increasingly cautious research finding no unfriendly effects.† Studies uncover that it isn't just medications that can prompt making hurt the embryo, yet additionally liquor and tobacco. Actually, liquor can prompt changeless hindrance of the baby and could be unquestionably all the more destroying that medications like cocaine and weed. The fetal tobacco condition is one such case, which has prompted a high number fo premature deliveries and bleakness. The New York Times revealed, that â€Å"the issues by and large were followed not to tranquilize presentation yet to some other awful mishap, passing in the

States That Provide the SAT for Free

Its becoming easier than ever to take the SAT for free. While students throughout the United States can get fee waivers if they fall under certain income thresholds, the College Board (SAT testmaker) is now partnering with states and school districts to provide the exam for free to all their 11th-grade students. In fact, around 800,000 students took the exam for free through this program in the 2016-2017 school year. But how do you know if you live in one of the states that provide the SAT for free? Thats where we come in! States That Provide the SAT for Free High-school juniors who live in the following states can currently take the SAT for free (under certain conditions, which well get to in a moment!): Colorado Connecticut Delaware Illinois Ohio Oklahoma Michigan New Hampshire Wait a Minute†¦I Took the SAT for Free, and Im Pretty Sure I Dont Live in New Hampshire! Dont worry! Youre (probably) not going to get stuck with a bill for the $54 test fee anytime soon. In addition to state partnerships, the College Board is also cultivating partnerships with individual school districts in many states. For example, some Tennessee school districts offer such a program. California, too, made waves in 2016 when 12 districts hopped on board. Hmm†¦This Still Doesnt Match up with my SAT School-Day Experience Last Year Keep in mind that College Board/state contracts are usually annual. They canand dochange from one year to the next. In addition to changes in Tennessee and California districts, state-based changes over the last year include Oklahomas decision to offer the SAT and the ACT to its juniors for free, and Illinois hopping from free ACTs to free SATs for its students. More Changes Are Still to Come†¦ As you can see, its really important to be aware of whats going on between your state or district and the College Board! A lot of changes have been afoot in recent years†¦and its not just due to a sudden wave of politicians generosity. You might know President Obamas Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA). It followed President Bushs No Child Left Behind. Basically, states get money from the federal government for accountability testing, to check up on whether students are, well, learning what theyre supposed to. The Department of Education requires that states test high school students at least once. But! The ESSA lets states use the SAT and ACT for this test, instead of giving another test just to check accountability. This is awesome for states, because now they a) dont have to write and give their own test, and b) can give students a boost in college admissions by making testing easier. All this, and its funded by the federal government! In terms of what that means for you, you may not have to take an additional statewide accountability exam just to show the DoE how your schools doing. Instead, your testing will benefit you as much as them! Because no matter why youre taking the SAT for free, if its official, your scores are still valid for college admissions. How Do I Make the Most of My Free SAT? First of all, be aware of both the benefits and the drawbacks to free, state- or district-sponsored testing. Yes, there are drawbacks—even though theres a lot to be happy about to! So lets start there. Pros of Taking the School-Based SAT for Free Uh†¦its free! Thats $54 in your pocket to spend on something other than a test. Its a great opportunity to take the exam twice. If you were going to pay to take the SAT anyway, now you can take it both on a school day and on a regularly scheduled SAT exam day. This will give you a great shot at maximizing your score. You wont have to take the test on a weekend morning! (Probably.) And youll get out of class for most of the day, too! (Uh†¦not that thats a pro or anything.) Annoying registration stuff is minimized. You wont have to think about where to take the test, what test date is best for you, how not to get lost, any of that stuff. Thanks, state-based SAT exam partnership! Cons of Taking the School-Based SAT for Free Its not all sunshine and daisies, though. Dont get me wrong, the pros faroutweigh the cons, but you definitely want to be aware of the cons going into this thing. For example: You wont get to choose your test date. Your school district will. In 2016, the SAT School Day was Wednesday, October 19. We can infer that the test date will probably remain mid-week in mid-October in future years. School districts also have the opportunity of offering the test on national test dates (those are those weekend mornings!), but most probably wont. Itd cost more to have staff administer the test when they wouldnt normally be in school. Why is this important? As Chris points out, your SAT test date can have a major impact on your score. With that in mind, make sure that you plan to use your free SAT in the most helpful way possible. Make a study plan early, decide if youre going to pay to take the test again, and consider whether youre going to take the ACT or SAT subject tests as well. If so, plan how youre going to fit them into your exam schedule. It may make score reporting more confusing. There IS a nationally administered (weekend) October SAT, as well as the October SAT school day. Its not a fantastic idea to take bothyou wont have time to get feedback on your performance on the first before taking the secondbut if you do, pay extra attention when you choose which scores you want sent to schools. You may benefit from taking the ACT also or instead of the SAT. Some students perform better on the ACT; some colleges may require the ACT. In any case, its a good idea to see where youd stand, percentile-wise, on both tests by taking a practice exam for each before testing. Yes, its another test, but it may pay huge dividends when it comes to college admissions! Downside here? You may have to take the SAT at school anyway, for state accountability purposes. Some states do offer both tests for free to juniors, so check out the states that provide the ACT for free. Im Still Not Totally Sure How This All Applies to Me I know, its a ton of information to process! At the end of the day, even if youre relatively sure you cantake the SAT for free, its still a good idea to check in with your schools guidance counselor. He or she can give you the final word on your individual situation. Then, you can go on to SAT greatness! After you spend that $54 burning a hole in your pocket, that is.

Personal Statement Of Application For Nannomaterials

I am applying for the position of Research Associate to work with you and Professor Yves Chabal. I have applied to the position through the website of the University of Texas at Dallas as well. Fueled by the revolutionary changes brought by nanomaterials in today’s world, especially in dye-sensitized solar cells, I joined the Department of Chemistry to do research on nanotechnology while preparing to take a Master’s degree in Physics from the same university with a solid foundation in materials science, basic electronics, advanced device electronics, quantum physics, and computational physics. According to the International Energy Agency’s 2015 World Energy Outlook, a complete de-carbonization of the world’s energy system is needed for a†¦show more content†¦The following summaries of my research accomplishments, I believe, should be able to support my enthusiastic approach to bring a substantial change in the research progress in the department o f physics and materials science. I for the first time created a strong covalent amide bond between TiO2 mesoporous films and N719 by chemically modifying TiO2 with 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane. The dye-sensitized solar cells thus prepared were stable and more resistant to UV light, thermal stress, acid, and water when compared to traditional photoanodes. There was a dramatic preservation of the SCN ligand of N719 on the TiO2 surface for up to 6 months, which is not possible in the case of other modified photoanodes with dye attached non-covalently through electrostatic or hydrogen bonding interactions. (Langmuir, 2013, 29, 13582-13594). I extensively studied the synthesis of nanomaterials, quantum dots such as ZnS, CdS, electrodeposition of semiconductor oxide materials, preparation methods for different shapes (nanowires, nanotubes, and tree-like structures) and sizes (3-300 nm) of nanomaterials to accomplish this research work. I did research on molecular linkers to link quantum dots. In addition, I explored the charge injection dynamics from the excited dye (N719) to TiO2 semiconductor nanoparticles after chemical modification of the TiO2 nanoparticles with silane linkers using the ultrafast transient absorption

Geography Hazards And Natural Hazards - 1011 Words

QE GEOGRAPHY ASSESSMENTNT: NATURALAL HAZARDS Natural Hazards Puddles Jack R Eggen 1/1/2015 ‘A puddle is a small mass of liquid, usually water, which is formed on a surface. It can be formed by dips or imperfections on the surface.’ J R EGGEN Chapter 1 A puddle is a small mass of liquid, usually water, which is formed on a surface. It can be formed by dips or imperfections on the surface. Puddles are usually formed from rain water although technically it can be any liquid (e.g. oil puddles). They can be made naturally or by humans; purposely / accidently. They affect everything in its path even if it just a little bit although they can have larger effects like droning people and animals or sinking cars and vans. This can cause lots of problems as they might need their car or van for something important. A puddle is generally small enough for a person to step over or shallow enough to walk through, and too small to cross by a boat or raft although there is no exact proportion specifications to define wherever it is a puddle or not, although is it gets big enough some would say it was a lake or flood. Puddles are very common everywhere where it rains and are unlikely in dry places where there is little rainfall. In the UK it rains a lot of the time and our weather is often very cold and wet. This can be an inconvenience as it stop or delays our normal lives and on a much larger scale can cause major damage and lead to flooding; especially if it’s in a dent on theShow MoreRelatedThe Origins Of North America812 Words   |  4 Pagesthat shaped North America current physical geography was glaciers. Glaciers are what influence majority of the current landscape of North America today. North America also has a wide range of natural hazards that affects the region more than any other continent, due to the proximity of water and the latitude. The region also has a long history of the influences of the European settlers and help shaped the human geography. The current physical geography of North America was formed from the role thatRead MoreThe International Day For Disaster Reduction Essay1500 Words   |  6 Pagessuggests ‘that there is no such thing as a natural disaster’. Smith contends that natural hazards become disasters due to location and the vulnerability of humans through their own decision making and the lack of appropriate mitigation measures. The opinion that human decisions and actions create or exacerbate vulnerability to disaster is shared by many observers, where so called ‘natural disasters’ are seen to be the result of poorly managed risk when natural hazards take place. 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Unemployment levels Essay Example For Students

Unemployment levels Essay The first two questions I asked were who and what. Here are my findings.  Robert, who preferably likes to get called Rob, He is in his 40 and married with a family. He loves his job and is very dedicated to it. He sympathises with both the victim and the offender, however in the case in Car I do believe he favours the offender and is very close to Nick. The reason I thought this is because he is the one he first told about the car theft he was involved in. He even offers Nick his office as a hang out. Rob doesnt smoke and is very moral and encourages Nick to hand himself in. Rob also encourages Nick to build bridges with his parents, as he believes this would help him make the switch, so he genially cares for Nicks well being. I think he dresses smart but causal, as this would reflect his attitude to work. I believe he is very calm and relaxed when dealing with the offender. Even though he is very sympathetic to the offender. He does understand Garys concerns and does all he can to make him feel better about the situation. At the meeting between Gary and Nick he doesnt stop Gary telling Nick what he thinks however does realise there is limits to what Gary can say to Nick. He stays calm throughout the meeting even when things get heated between Nick and Gary when others may have buckled under the tense atmosphere and this helps him make the meeting a successful one. As his main line of work is with the youth. He is very much in touch with modern popular culture and very modern thinking and this can be reflected in his appearance.  HE LOVES HIS JOB. Rob can adapt to situations well. He knows how to talk in to different people in different situations. This can be shown when he is in Garys house compared to how he talks to Nick in his office. He also knows how to get the best out of them and this is shown on how he encourages Nick and Gary to the meeting. Talks to Gary professionally and Nick more friendly. The next two questions I will ask is where and when.  Rob lives with his family in a middle-class area of suburb of Manchester. A town like Stockport or Sale. These area would reflect his laid back attitude to life i.e. drinking in bars along the canals in the summer or drives to the coast of the moors in his free time with his family. The time period is the 90s, so the music revolution in Manchester is in full swing with the emergence of bands like Oasis, Blur, The Stone Rose. Should we do the play in performance conditions this would be the music featured. He works in a rough part of the inner city of Manchester somewhere like Eastlands where people live in derelict terrace houses which unemployment levels are high. I think he is well respected in the area he works and this is reflected in the fact Nicks turns to him before he turns to anyone else. I think in the street he lives he would also be well respected and would take part activities within the street. The next question is why. Now I have found that hard to answer. This is because I found I could only answer this question whilst rehearsing. Everything Rob did I would ask, Why is he doing that? Or if he said something I would ask, Why did he say it in a certain way?  I have also did a brief report on a pervious case Rob may have worked on. Find that attached.

Phobias and Addictions Essay Example

Phobias and Addictions Essay Richard Johnston Types of Conditioning Phobia and Addictions Phobias and addictions can be very difficult on a mental standpoint. The definition of a phobia is an exaggerated usually inexplicable and illogical fear of a particular object, class of objects, or situation (Webster). There are many kinds of phobias such as, Xenophobia the fear of dogs could be a result of being bitten as a child or being cornered by a dog. Other fears could be Catastrophic the fear of lightening as a child oh were scared of storms so you developed a phobia on storms. Acrophobia is fear of heights and the fear of falling you are high up you might have an anxiety attack so you avoid high places. Transportation is the fear of injections (the fear of needles), which can cause one anxiety because the patient associates the pain with the needle. A reaction can be caused before the injection is given such as fainting or other anxiety symptoms. We will write a custom essay sample on Phobias and Addictions specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Phobias and Addictions specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Phobias and Addictions specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Phobias are can be developed through classical conditioning. Ivan Pavlov was famous for his theory of classical conditioning who studied digestive systems of dogs. In his studies and experiment he noticed, that dogs salivate when presented with food which was a common trait. Pavlov noticed if the bell or a tuning fork rang the dog would salivate when there was no food present. The dog associated the food with the bell this is what is known as classical conditioning. One more example of this is music the neutral stimulus is the music when paired the unconditioned stimulus automatically triggers tapping of the feet know as an unconditioned response. Fears and phobias progress in the same way as conditioning. Phobias can cause health problems from panic attacks or anxiety. Individuals with phobias avoid being in that situation and stay in their comfort zone. Human beings we behaviors that can easily become addicted to a drug or food or substance. In operant conditioning human beings get addicted to substances they see other people doing, such as food, sex, gambling, and drugs. Addiction is defined as compulsive physiological need for and use of a habit-forming substance (as heroin, nicotine, or alcohol) characterized by tolerance and by well-defined physiological symptoms upon withdrawal; broadly: persistent compulsive use of a absence known by the user to be physically, psychologically, or socially harmful (Webster). Classical conditioning is learned behavior using a stimulus and operant conditioning is a method of learning that uses a reward to gain the desired response the craving for the drug the use of the drug is the reward. One example to is that classical conditioning involuntary behavior and Operant conditioning is focused on voluntary behaviors. Operant conditioning is defined as a conditioning in which the desired behavior or increasingly closer approximations to it are followed by a rewarding or reinforcing stimulus (Webster). Operant conditioning can be used for punishment when the desired response is not achieved. Addiction such as alcohol for example would be you had the long hard day and you a have a cold six pack over the legal limit. The beer was your reward for having a long hard day. The addiction of wanting more beer is and addiction to alcohol and the substance has a hold of you which is known as alcoholism. The punishment will be impulsive if you get caught being pulled over for driving under the influence by the police because you decided o get more beer and drive to the store that would not be a favorite for a drinker getting caught the rush is not to get caught. Extinction would be not to drink at all and have an ice tea and make the behavior decrees or disappear. Operant conditioning can be related to an extinction technique if to many beers are consumed and the individual decides to go get more beer in a driving a motor vehicle to get there the thrill would be not getting caught and the consequence would be getting arrested for driving under the influence. The extinction would be not to drink s many beers or not at all and try a different reward for a long hard day and never to drive under the influence of alcohol. In summary I have talked about classical conditioning and how it is automatic for dogs to salivate when there is food present and buy repeating the conditions with the bell ringing triggered the same response the dog eventually learned when the bell rings there is food and to salivate even without the food present. We learned the operant conditioning requires some type of reward being either positive or negative such as punishment. We learned about hobbies and what types of phobias are out there, phobias can cause health problems if not treated.

Where Did Contemporary Liberal Feminism Come From †Womens Studies Essay

Where Did Contemporary Liberal Feminism Come From – Womens Studies Essay Free Online Research Papers Where Did Contemporary Liberal Feminism Come From Womens Studies Essay The systematic oppression of women, a tacit social dogma inherent in the history of western thought, was dependant upon the continued polarization of two stratifying spheres; one of women, who were regulated to the â€Å"private† sphere of the home and family and secondly, the communal, â€Å"social† patriarch which dominated over it. The division of human social life into public and private realms, and the demotion of women into the latter, is a principal source of women’s disadvantaged societal position. Conversely, advocates of the doctrine of separate spheres deem the public domain to be a place where the important business of society is conducted, while its frivolous and trivial pleasures are enjoyed within the private sphere. Hence, the ideology of sanctity and domestic bliss, which encompasses the realm assigned to women, worked to mask and condone male despotism in the home. It is that same ideology which inhibited women from entering into the workforce and becoming productive, competitive participants in the formal labour market. Consequently, this male dominance was reinforced by the nature of productio n in industrialized societies; however, the boundaries between private and public domains are not as rigid as its dichotomy seems to entail. They vary historically and geographically, indicative of Canada’s social and cultural stratification. The toil involved within the cultivation of new settlements, wherein the family serves as both a social and economic unit, blurred the division between the public and private spheres, both within the homes and within the minds of its residents. Black women specifically tended to work outside the home, due to a product of racism, as their husbands were unable to make enough money to support the family. Despite a respite of women’s active involvement throughout the course of the early 20th century, their achievements far exceeded what the suffragists had once envisaged. However, during the 1950s and 1960s women’s domestic obligations, as well as their self-images, remained practically the same while their activities altered s ignificantly. Not only had they retained their responsibilities for their families, simultaneously their participation in the paid labour force had increased. In part to this the women’s movement of the 1960s gained a new impetus towards social change, one which focused more on the destruction of the patriarchal rule rather than its ratification. Coupled with the adaptation of the feminist doctrine, the Canadian women’s movement of the 1960s resulted in increased legislative representation and a reconfiguration of the family dynamic. In the 1960s, no one expected the women’s movement to re-emerge. Due to their economic and political stability within a prosperous postwar Canada, women viewed any remaining predicaments they had as temporary disadvantages. Women were increasingly getting the education needed to ensure better-paying work. Consequently, public opinion regarding their right to work and to attain equal pay, which had been legally guaranteed since 1950, began to increase; even in Quebec women had been enfranchised for almost a generation. Even though there were still few women in the federal Parliament, the tradition of having one woman in the cabinet appeared secure, while local politicians like Ottawa Mayor Charlotte Whitton continued to be highly visible and vocal- often objecting to any particular concern for the status of women. When the women’s liberation movement first gained media attention late in the decade, first in France and then the United States, it was â€Å"part of a stud ent movement radicalized by racism and imperialism women were to be ‘liberated,’ like minorities and colonial dependencies†. (80) This reincarnation of feminism was merely interpreted as another, relatively insignificant part of an era of activism. In Canada, focus still remained on the problematic conceptualization of a unified linguistic-cultural nation. The question of national unity underscored many of the federal-provincial conferences and royal commissions. Hence, the student revolt was â€Å"late and muted and, like it, the ‘new’ women’s movement was seen as an American import†. (80) Despite this, there was general astonishment when feminism proved able to tap massive discontent among even the most privileged of women. Two sorts of grievances underlined the women’s movement in the 1960s. First, an old set, categorized by its feminist methodologies in earlier eras, which related to the areas where women were regarded as basically the same as men but were treated â€Å"in a different, disadvantageous manner, in effect excluded from men’s rights and privileges†. Hence, where the barriers were officially down and women were able to share in ‘male’ pioneered activities, they did it without receiving the compensations men came to expect. Feminists were to identify the underpinning of this construct through the concept of the ‘glass ceiling’: they could work for pay however, it would be less than their male counterparts received and as a result, it became unlikely for them to become successful through their own achievements. The second, new set of grievances related to women’s specific qualities and â€Å"characteristics that they had valued and thou ght society had appreciated insufficiently†. Those who had succeeded in the context of public life discovered that their actions were being governed by a domineering patriarchal construct. Consequently, women had to hide their feminine qualities, neglect or conceal their private lives, â€Å"and learn the â€Å"conflictual games [that their] mother never taught [them]†. However, women wanted to remain different without being underprivileged. Rather, they wanted recognition for their valuable qualities, along with security from their vulnerabilities in a male-dominated world. Women’s circumstances in relation to the combination of domestic responsibilities and paid labour crystallized the old and the new demands: â€Å"they were not compensated for their ‘double shift’ of paid and unpaid work, they were not protected against violence in or out of the home, and their socially valuable tasks of public and private nurturance were unrecognized.† These circumstances created individual dissatisfactions which, despite being felt by the individual, continued to be largely unvoiced. In the collective, the resulting grievances entailed a more enviable societyin which women were treated as equal but also one in which public life had underwent changes due to women’s active role within it. A society in which â€Å"women were equally influential would be one that took women’s preferences and experience seriously, and that was transformed by the result†. The fundamental conditions of Canadian women were shared by women throughout the industrialized world. This is indicative of why the revolt of the women students did not in fact subside in the early 1970s like the activities of the male-dominated organizations from which they detached. Moreover, Canada’s newly visible feminist activism inherited not only the current situation, but the goals of its predecessor groups. This occurred in part due to the surviv al of these constituent groups and their role in constructing a ‘second wave’ of feminism. However, this incarnation was not a ‘rebirth of feminism’. Feminist and women’s groups had not dissipated at the triumphant end of the suffrage campaigns. Rather, throughout the 20th century, women’s movements moved â€Å"with their customary energy to make use of the new instruments of influence for which they had fought so hard†. After enfranchisement, despite being engaged in fewer concentrated campaigns and having less exposure, women’s activities never ceased. Consequently, in the 1960s, with the emergence of new factions, the pace quickened and their visibility increased. Contemporary feminism, an incarnation of the student and civil rights movements of radical protest in the 1960s, was a dynamic, evolving, politically engaged movement. It was instrumental in effecting fundamental change in social practices and institutions. Feminism is â€Å"a theoretical project whose purposes are to understand the oppressive social practices that disadvantage women and to think innovatively about women’s possibilities†. Hence, its radicalism is reflective of the fact that it comes to distinction at points of critical change. It both â€Å"abets this change and envisages it with an imagination that goes beyond it†. Consequently, there is a close connection between feminist practice, which concentrates its effort on transforming social and material conditions, and feminist theory, which extends out of that practice and notifies it. Theory is â€Å"constantly modified by what it proves to be effective in practice, and practice is shaped by theo ry†. Hence, any separation between theory and practice enables the process of comparative analysis. Consequently, this account of shifting feminist theories within a Canadian context is intended to describe the theoretical framework in which the feminist philosophy has evolved in Canadian society. Feminist theorists begin from the realization that, in the context of a patriarchal society, men and women live different lives and consequently, have different experiences. There is an attempt to understand the power and privilege differential exhibited between men and women. By analyzing its origin, feminists are able to develop strategies to eradicate this paradigm, thus portraying the active nature of feminism itself: â€Å"the point of studying the situation of women is to work towards changing it†. However, contemporary feminist theorists differ in their identification of the principal element(s) of women’s oppression, in their designation of fundamental theoretic al questions, and in the strategies for change they create and enact. Despite being approached from different vantage points, differing feminist doctrines still shared many core themes. In particular, feminists endeavor to â€Å"understand how the social structuring of production, reproduction, sexuality, and socialization, in their shifting manifestation, have determined women’s conditions throughout history and across cultural, and racial barriers†. However, during the 1960s there was a shift in most forms of feminism, one from an earlier view of women as a caste, to an awareness of the differences amongst their individual experiences. The belief that there was a single, essential ‘women’s experience’, from which universal analytical categories can be developed, was abandoned. Differences in class, sexual practice, and race became primary focus for debate. Hence, contemporary feminism faced the task of accounting for significant variations of wome n and thus, discerning the common threads and themes inherent to these experiences which make them specifically women’s. It became â€Å"a matter of developing theoretical tools to understand the samenesses and differences in women’s lives: of acknowledging specificity and commonality†. Three contemporary feminist theories which evolved through the postwar women’s movement were Liberal feminism, Marxist and Socialist feminism, and Radical feminism; all adhere to a similar construct however, their methodologies differ in their execution and consequently demonstrate the feminist doctrine’s adaptation to women’s social, political, and economic progression. Against the background of classical liberal theory, contemporary liberal feminism is founded on the principle that it is a women’s right to enjoy the freedom and equality of opportunity attained by the autonomous individual. Hence, it is less of a theory of women’s oppression at the hands of patriarchy than it is a theory of human rights. This theory can be seen as the foundation of contemporary feminism, as it represents the overarching discontent which arose in postwar Canada. In the liberal-feminist view, sexual discrimination is unjust primarily because it deprives women of the equal right to pursue their own self-interest. Hence, liberal feminists â€Å"deplore the informal discrimination in assumptions, rooted in biological determinism†. It is this discrimination which denies women access to equal participation with men, who have occupations of high social status. Efforts which have aimed to free women from their dependant status, have garnered liberal fem inists some exposure. However, by retaining the ideological commitment that political decisions are created within the formal political process, they have been less meticulous than â€Å"socialist and radical feminists in their examination of the politics of daily life in the ‘private’ sphere and in their analyses of sexual power and privilege†. Despite a constant demand for women to be included equally within the existing public decision-making structures, liberal feminists still assumed that the structures themselves needed â€Å"no modifications beyond those effected by the inclusion of women on an equal basis†. Hence, they inevitably failed to recognize the strength of patriarchal capitalism in regards to its ability to maintain female subjugation. Due to liberal theory being confined to matters of social practice, in which women would have unlimited opportunity, it offers no indication as how access to that construct would be realized. Moreover, as w omen were expected to lead a double life, domestically and as part of the paid labour force, their autonomy would lead to an abandonment of domestic obligations. Liberal theory thus works with a model of society in which feminist change would simply require men to make more room within existing social structures for their female counterparts. However, due to these constructs being controlled by men, women continued to be governed by its rule. Consequently, another contemporary theory of feminism emerged, one in which responded to the inadequacies contained within the liberalist interpretation; the Marxist and Socialist theory. Marxist and Socialist feminists, in reaction to the liberal feminist’s doctrine, argued that there was in fact no need for political liberalism unless one can, not only achieve economic means, but also attain the power to enjoy it. Drawing upon a Marxist study of class oppression, social feminists argued that â€Å"the capitalist economic system oppresses women as a group, just as it oppresses the working class as a whole†. Within the context of a capitalist patriarch society women are subjected to other forms of oppression. First, women’s work is alienated labour; they own neither the means nor the production of their work. Second, in the labour force, women are commonly in positions which are subordinate to men, whose superiority is not necessarily always apparent. Hence, women are continually alienated from realizing their true potential. Third, women who work as housewives are even more at a disadvantage as they live their lives out of servitude. Consequentl y, their toil accords no material value and they are continually kept in seclusion from the ‘public’ world. Due to changing climate in postwar Canada, socialist feminists argued that women’s worth is apparent in both the public and private spheres. However, under capitalism, their labor within a domestic context is deemed worthless because it has no monetary exchange value, and â€Å"it is invisible in that public space where exchange value is established†. Circumstances such as these, led socialist feminists to promote programs of social changes, ones which would involve alternatives to capitalist modes of production and to the patriarchal construct of the family itself. Radical feminism, a manifestation of this doctrine, agreed with much of the socialist-feminist analysis of women’s disadvantaged social and economic position however, whereas material, social, and economic oppression were primary for socialist feminists, radical feminists believed that the subjugation of women was at the root of all other forms of oppression. Radical feminism was generated from the disillusionment created out of the politics of the New Left in North America, Britain, and France in the late 1960s. Particularly women in the United States who were advocating for equality during the civil rights movement â€Å"found themselves treated as subordinate members of organizations in which they were vigorously active†. Moreover, women realized that they were being exploited as sex objects, subordinates to their male co-workers. Consequently, â€Å"sexism, as manifested in patriarchal family arrangements, in gender stereotyping, pornography, wife and child abuse, and rape, became the focus of radical-feminist analysis†. Radical feminists argued that the ‘personal is political’, thereby demonstrating how patriarchal society constructs personal experiences and relations in ways which become disadvantageous to women. During the 1960s, the Canadian government declared that it had no place within the bedrooms o f the nation. Even though this was an improvement upon the view that society could deem through legislation what was sexually permissible between adults, it rendered â€Å"immune to public intervention such damaging and exploitive practices as rape and sexual abuse within marriage and the family†. These daily activities only served to perpetuate women’s oppression within the home, a place which was protected from political scrutiny by â€Å"an ideology of sanctity and privacy where the invisibility of women’s domestic and childrearing labour is maintained†. Prior to radical feminists exposing these problems, domestic violence was regarded as a private matter, one in which the law did not meddle in. Despite an evident systematic difference in power between men and women, one which is defined in part by men’s socially and legally control over women’s labour, it is this ideology that irrevocably places any domestic blame solely on the women. He nce, the radical feminists felt that such power relations needed to be overturned if women’s subjugation were to end. Postwar Canada saw a transition within the feminist doctrine. Despite emerging through different social, political, and economic spheres, contemporary feminism began its rise by inheriting the cause of its prior incarnations, advocating for equal representation and it evolved into a movement intent on developing a separate and self-centered women’s culture. When examining the changing patterns of Canadian women’s lives, it is imperative to look beyond the choices they made to the laws that, through time, have both constrained and liberated them. Historically, these laws have been created and governed by men, reflecting their assumptions about the ‘natural order’ of society. However, these suppositions began to change within the 20th century, most notably within the context of the welfare state. The welfare state cemented its foundation in Canada in the period following the end of the Second World War. It introduced government legislature into areas such as employment and income security, areas which were previously regarded as outside the scope of public policy. Women came to play a significant role in the welfare state that emerged. Due to its creation, the â€Å"boundaries of the public sphere widened and those of the private sphere narrowed†. However, the government appeared ignorant to its overall impact it would have on the lives of women. Consequently, a series of measures were passed to encourage women to continue their domestic responsibilities at home and to raise healthy ‘future workers’ for the rapidly expanding economy. Hence, relief measures were developed to assist needy single mothers, which became part of a universal program of benefits. The family-allowance program, one of the first in the federal government’s package of income-security measures, helped â€Å"to set the tone of the welfare state, underscoring the fact that the welfare state was not just a set of services, but also a set of ideas about society, about the family, and about women, who have a centrally important role within the family, as its linchpin†. Canada needed workers to fill the increasing amount of available jobs hence, at this time, women were still encouraged to remain domestic, a concept which echoed in the governments legislation. The language of â€Å"social purity and morality, which dominated legislative discussions about women’s roles in the early 1900s, was replaced by language of healthy babies, strong soldiers, and better works†. Consequently, the need for more workers also led to the greater possibility that women themselves could fill those roles. In the egalitarian spirit of the post-war years, the government gradually adopted some equal-rights legislation for its female citizens. Most employees were under provincial jurisdiction hence, there were a series of legislative initiatives, created in the 1950s, which aimed at improving equal opportunity for women at work. In 1951, beginning in Ontario and culminating in Newfoundland in 1971, the provincial governments passed equal-pay legalization, which was generally worded to â€Å"guarantee women and men in both public and private sectors the same pay for similar or essentially similar jobs†. However, these initiatives were too weak in their execution to have a desire d effect, since the paid labour force was highly segregated by gender and continued to be dominated by men. In 1954 the federal government attempted to ratify this situation by establishing the Women’s Bureau in the federal Department of Labour. The government knew very little about women in the paid labour force hence, the bureau was â€Å"designed to promote a wider understanding of problems preculiar to women workers and the employment of women, to help women make a more effective contribution to the development of Canada†. It played a vital role in preparing the federal equal-pay legistlation which was introduced in 1956. However, the legislation was flawed as it only applied to federal works of businesses, or â€Å"corporations performing work on behalf of the government, limiting equal pay to indentical or substantially identical work†. In spite of these limitations, the federal and earlier provincial equal-pay laws were important milestones in the legislative history of women’s rights. Two events in the 1970s furthered this legislative evolution: maternit y leave provisions, which became part of the Canada Labour Code, and the Report of the Royal Commission on the status was women was published. Even though the Report was not implemented in its entirety, it still was influential in the development of a new view of women by the Canadian legislatures. With the introduction of maternity-leave provisions, the socially constructed role of the domestic female began to disintegrate. This legislation was significant in that it was national, stating that â€Å"the employment cost of child-bearing, although not child care, was a community responsibility rather than an individual woman’s burden†. These early equal-opportunity laws were founded on the philosophy that prejudice against women in the labour force was a human relations problem. This philosophy carried over into the 1970s in the form of government regulated affirmative action programs. These would remove the discrimination factor and increase women’s access to jo bs formerly held primarily by men. Today affirmative action has been embraced by both levels of government, as it affirms that women and men should be treated equally. Consequently, it improved women’s access to the public sphere. However, the pace has continued to be quite slow. Women’s concerns continue to be low on the government’s priority list. Throughout this process women have been forced to represent themselves in the patriarchal public sphere, while continuously ensuring that their domestic roles were sustained. Consequently, the dynamic of the family compact, and the role of the mother itself, underwent a drastic transformation. Understanding the family dynamic and the changes inherent in its representations is fundamental to understanding the position of women in Canada. Three essential changes that have occurred in the Canadian family since the post-war era were the decrease in family size and the increase in marital dissolution through divorce, an increase in labour-force participation of married women and mothers and separation. These â€Å"trends are not independent of one another, but intertwined, and have been accompanied by large scale socio-economic changes†. The post-war years produced a group of disgruntled and aggravated full-time mothers, who followed social expectations but felt unrewarded and subdued. Moreover, the cost of raising a family proved too difficult for single mothers. The convergence of women’s growing dissatisfaction with their socially prescribed roles and economic problems resulted in low levels of childbearing. The declining birth rate and the emergence of smalle r families was often argued to be the result of women’s enhanced reproductive choice. However, some women have decided to postpone or opt out of childbearing, many â€Å"continued to face unwanted pregnancy, most notable the poor, young, immigrant, differently abled, and physically and mentally abused women†. Women’s changing work-force patterns brought about and accompanied changes in the family structure. The increased work-force contribution of married women both â€Å"reinforced and undermined the idea that marriage may be women’s best economic option†. Moreover, the notion of marriage itself also led to a shift in the family dynamic. During the post-war era women were, by law, under the control of their husbands and families. Consequently, their options and rights were limited and any money earned was considered to be their husbands’. However, the more women decided to work outside the household, the consideration of their earnings and property came into question. While women continually search for and find work, coupled with the possibility of their husbands’ unemployment, the traditional roles within the family inherently change. Moreover, women’s increased participation in the work-force also highlighted the notion of child care. Child care was considered the private responsibility of the individual family. Hence, the Canadian family was viewed as self-contained, responsibly for itself and its children. Inadequat child-care facilities presuppose that it is the mother’s responsibility to care completely for he own children. Ireccovably, many women were forced with the untenable position of having to choose a family or a career, but not both. It was not until the creation of adequate child-care facilities through the legislative process during the 1960s and 1970s that this pressure was somewhat alleviated. Last, the increased rates of marital dissolution created a fundamental change within th e Canadian family, one which accounts for the dramatic increase in single-parent families. The increased divorce rates were often equated with an escalation of marital unhappiness, placing blame on women’s evolving roles within the public sphere. However, through divorce, women became evermore disadvantaged at the hands of a patriarchal society. They had a lower probability than divorced men of remarrying. Furthermore, the women had the responsibility for the children of the dissolved marriage, which had an affect on their prospects of remarriage. The most profound difference between the divorce experience of men and women was concentrated in their altered financial circumstances. Fewer than 5% of women received alimony after their divorce. Due to childcare responsibilities, â€Å"limited daycare facilties, limited job opportunities and, a;; too often , inadequate or non-existent child support, divorced women often found themselves among the ranks of the poor†. Hence, the government introduced divorce reforms which intended to make divorce more equitable and fair. However, although it seemed egalitarian, it still overlooked women’s real wage and job prospects, as well as the requirement and expense of continued child care. Despite these ratifications the role of the mother continues to be one which requires an adherence to patriarchal rule, one which is appears intent on maintaining its power structure at the hands of women’s continued efforts. In part, the women’s movement of the 1960s strove to create social awareness and representation amongst the legislative government. The evolution of the feminist doctrine awarded the women’s movement to attack their social restrictions through a variety of different social, economic, and political facets. Since the postwar era women have undertaken an active assault on patriarchal rule. By means of its own structures, women were able to infiltrate and implement change within a male dominated public sphere. Fixes assumptions about female nature have only had negative affects on women, ones which emerged in all aspects of their lives, influencing their physical, psychological, and social well-being. Despite women’s new found complacency, there continues to be a tangible and psychological barrier which separates men and women. Even as women claim the right and display their capacity to participate in the public domain, â€Å"the ideology of the sanctity if the priv ate domain is constantly re-invoked to thwart their efforts and restrict their freedom†. The success of the 1960s movement in spawning a new generation of feminist theorists indicates that the impetus behind social, political, and economic equality will endure until its efforts come to fruition. Research Papers on Where Did Contemporary Liberal Feminism Come From - Women's Studies EssayThe Fifth HorsemanInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesQuebec and Canada19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementResearch Process Part OneCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever Product

Media and Developing Babies Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Media and Developing Babies - Term Paper Example Rapid Auditory Processing This domain, which is very important in language functioning (Paterson et al., 2006), refers to how well infants receive auditory cues such as environmental sound, recorded music, or a mother’s voice. The area in the brain where this domain rests can be found in the thalamus, caudate, frontal areas, and the temporoparietal speech areas in the left hemisphere (Paterson et al., 2006). Face Processing A fundamental skill, face processing allows infants to recognize a face which is considered to play a major role in social interaction and functioning (Paterson et al., 2006). The subcortical structures, superior temporal gyrus, and the left-inferior frontal gyrus are the brain areas utilized by infants in face processing (Paterson et al., 2006). Object Permanence Considered a milestone in cognitive development, object permanence allows infants to remember objects after they are kept hidden from view (Paterson et al., 2006). This ability lies in the develop ment of the frontal lobes which can also have effects on cognition and language (Paterson et al., 2006). Joint Attention Mundy and Gomes (1998) consider joint attention a â€Å"core social cognitive skill that plays a very important role in early language acquisition† (as cited in Paterson et al., 2006, p. 14). Joint attention tasks are developed in the left parietal lobe for responding to visual attention, and the frontal and temporal lobes for initiating visual attention (Paterson et al., 2006). Relationship of Television Viewing and COGNITIVE Development Several studies have been conducted to establish a relationship between exposure to television content and infant’s cognitive and behavioral make-up. These studies present the television medium as a stimulus that... As the discussion stresses different studies have been conducted about the effects of television viewing in the cognitive, attitudinal, and behavioral aspects of audiences. These studies examine, for instance, whether violent television content can lead to aggression in audiences. What these studies aim to achieve is the correlation and causation between media content and audiences. While there are many studies documenting the effects of television viewing in adult audiences, there are few studies that also consider the cognitive and behavioral effects of television viewing in infant audiences.This paper highlights that  a  fundamental skill, face processing allows infants to recognize a face which is considered to play a major role in social interaction and functioning. The subcortical structures, superior temporal gyrus, and the left-inferior frontal gyrus are the brain areas utilized by infants in face processing.  Considered a milestone in cognitive development, object perm anence allows infants to remember objects after they are kept hidden from view. This ability lies in the development of the frontal lobes which can also have effects on cognition and language. Several studies have been conducted to establish a relationship between exposure to television content and infant’s cognitive and behavioral make-up. These studies present the television medium as a stimulus that arguably influences an infant’s brain.

Organisational Information System-Bright Light Limited Essay

Organisational Information System-Bright Light Limited - Essay Example Apart from this there exists a high degree of interdependence between these departments. They need to constantly interact with one another to keep the business running. A lot of information needs to flow from one department to another in order to carry out their transactions. It may so happen that the ignition for the transactions in one department may come from the outputs of another department. Hence this clearly shows that there indeed is a necessity of some means of communication between various departments. The case of Bright Light Ltd is no different. If the transmission of this information among various departments is carried out manually then the maintenance and timely delivery of this information in the expected format would be a highly impossible task. This would be tedious, time consuming and inefficient. It is here that the need for an Information System would be felt. â€Å"An Information system is a formalized computer Information system that can collect store, process and report data from various sources to provide the information necessary for managerial decision making.† (Hicks, 1993) Information system being described here is concerned with not only a computerized application but it also considers the information regarding the organizational activities. An Information system can be specified with the help of the functions it performs. The functions carried out by the Information System broadly fall under five categories. These are namely: (Angell, 1991) Having these things in mind the following report would analyze the Information flow between various departments in the Bright Light Ltd organization. To facilitate this discussion the â€Å"General Systems theory† is chosen. The following discussion would include a brief introduction regarding the systems approach and the concepts used in this approach. This would be followed by identifying the departments in the BLL organization and an information flow

Police Brutality Essay Example for Free

Police Brutality Essay Police Brutality, is defined as the intentional use of excessive force which is most time physical but can be verbal to get something done. This can be as a result of the order given by a superior officer or by the officer’s idea. Sometimes some people might need iron hands before they take to instructions or comply with the rule and regulations guiding a particular institution, but when it become unnecessary and unjustified to use force on people to achieve the desired goal, then the police have to be checked. When talking about police brutality we often think that racism or color is involved, but we don’t tend to think that women could as well be a target of police brutality. While in custody of a police officer one might think everything is safe. In many instances that would be the assumption, but what people think may not be in every case. Police have dealt brutally and inhumanely with many women in our society for instance in Stark County, an Ohio woman who was being assaulted by her cousin called the stark police for help, but instead of saving her from her cousin, she was cuffed and sent to the Stark prescient (Meyer, Tom). The woman was then thrown to the floor by deputies and strip searched by the men deputies while still in cuff. The victim was stripped completely naked and left for six hours until she was able to put something on. She was not allowed to defend her case and the worst part of it is that these police officers did not deem it fit to interrogate her cousin on the issue. When the Stark county officers were contacted, they denied the allegation saying that the woman denied to voluntarily remove her clothes. But does this allegation leveled against her worth her being stripped naked? In any case the code of conduct rule for Stark County is that if a woman is being strip searched the person doing the search must be of the same sex (Vanella, Susan). Police brutality if not check will continue to escalate and deteriorate. Imaging a police officer beating a woman to death because she does not cooperate or may be she fails to corroborate the officer’s findings. For example, there was an incidence that occurred in Shreveport in which a woman was brutally beaten while in the custody of a police officer (CBS news). The woman was taken to an interrogating room for a sobriety test, but because the woman declined the offence, the police officer cuts the camcorder off, and then minutes later the woman was found lying in a pool of her own blood. The police had been beating her to death. Though the police officer was fired, it does not have much effect on the police officers generally because firing the officer does not carry same weight as charging the officer to court and sentencing him to either life in prison or death by any means In a study by the feminist majority foundation, LAPD male officers are known to be more involved in unnecessary force than female officers. ‘’ Hiring equal numbers of women in the LAPD would go further toward reducing police brutality and misconduct than anything else the Department could do, said Spillar (Feminist Daily News). Now that we know that police brutality to women is one of the rising problems to our society causing many women to be left with life-long injuries, we have to do something before it goes out of hands. These menace can be reduced if not totally stopped, this can be achieved by making the citizens of a community to come together to discuss topics and help educate those who don’t know anything about police brutality. Being open minded to awareness and just being able to speak out loud in one voice can make Police officers, especially those that are men need to have some kind of surveillance playing when dealing with women in their custody or have another police officer of the opposite sex with them. Also, police officers that are caught treating women badly should be reported and brought to book, this will be a lesson to the other officers who are about to do such things.

Personal Narrative- Monocross Motorcycle Ride :: Personal Narrative Essays

Personal Narrative- Monocross Motorcycle Ride As my flesh started to be spread across the pavement, dirt, and gravel, I thought to myself "Why, why did I ride today?" I wish I could have thought of a better way to get home that day. It had been raining that afternoon and the thought had crossed my mind not to ride home, but I didn't want to leave my bike at school. The day started out like any other day, except for one difference, I decided to ride my motorcycle to school. I woke up that morning and saw it was a beautiful, bright and sunny day, so I thought, "What a perfect time to ride my bike to school." I did my regular morning routine as usual. As I was going through my closet I decided to wear shorts, a t-shirt and a vest instead of a coat, because it was such a bright and sunny day. When I went outside I heard the birds chirping and this dog barking in the RV Park. It had to be one of the most beautiful mornings I had ever seen. The sun was shinning down on me making my cold skin warm right up. After I had gotten done looking at all the beautiful colors on the trees I started my motorcycle. It started just fine and sounded like a lion giving his morning roar. I put on my helmet and started out for school. This was only my second time, driving a motorcycle on public roads, and, since it was my second time, I decided to take the back roads to school. Riding to school on a monocross motorcycle is different from anything else. Monocrosses are a mix between a street bike and a dirt bike. They have the power to climb hills, but they also have a mirror, turning lights, license plate, and other things to make it street legal. The morning ride to school went great. The bike was running perfectly and cornered well. While I was riding to school, I got the feeling like I was flying. When I started into a corner I would slow way down. Then, when I knew I could shoot out of it, I would twist the throttle as far back as it would go and would power out of the corners. When I was powering out of the corners, the engine would whine like it was screaming for me to let go.

Mao’s domestic policies Essay

Essay Question: To what extend do you consider Mao’s domestic policies more successful than his foreign policies? Between the years 1949 and 1976 China was in a faze of changes, which varied in good and bad, the way roller coasters vary in ups and downs. Mao Zedong was the Chairman during those years whom one could make responsible for numerous successes and failures in China. His domestic and foreign policies were the causes of millions of deaths, economic highs and lows, unhappy peasants and many more factors which harmed and helped China to build up and backwards after feudalism had been removed from China. The Five Year Plan, which was a duplicate of the plan that Russia used to overcome the countries misery, took place between 1952 and 1956 and was a success for entire China. The Hundred Flowers Campaign, which Mao started in 1957, is known to be one of his greatest failures and resulted in chaos, along with the collectivisation plan in the late 1950’s and early 1960’s and the Great Leap Forward Mao failed to help his country. As he supported the Korean War in the 1950’s Chinas budget decreased my thousand of millions of Yuan. This foreign policy was a disaster for China and even though several domestic policies were introduced, none of them could really keep China and it’s masses in population contend. Due to the support China had provided Korea with many more people died. If Korean had not been supported by Chinas budget, then one could argue that not as many people would have been killed the Korean War. Maybe the number of deaths could have been reduced to half a million or so, one can only speculate, yet it is clear that this foreign policy did not do any good, but much more harm. It did not only destroy human lives, it also harassed the Chinese budget and as a result made China very weak. PRC Expenditure in Percentages of Total Budget: As is shown on the table in 1950 the percent of money which was taken away from the budget is 41,5 %. This is almost half of the entire Chinese budget. Most of this money supported the Korean War and helped Korean to defend itself. By 1957 this percentile had gone down, but all most every other one went up. For an example 51,4 % of the Chinese budget was being used to support the economic development. This is a vast amount of money needed to support the economic development of a country. Even though this foreign policy supported Korean, it was and opposition for the donator, China. The Five Year Plan can be viewed purely as a success. Mao was impressed with what Lenin had accomplished with it and decided to do the same. Mao and the PRC, People Republic of China, build up the same Five Year Plan as Russia and succeeded. The National Resources Committee, NRC, had already taken care of several industrial ideas, which Mao had, and they were also the ones who had total control over the industrial investment sections. During the Five Year Plan a significant amount of migration took place. Families moved from the countryside into the large cities to find jobs at factories. One major factor that makes the Five Year Plan a success is of the inflation, from which China had been suffering for many years, which Mao achieved to decrease. It dropped from over 1,000 percent to nearly 15 percent and was a result of a raise of taxes and a change of the Chinese currency from the Chinese Dollar to the Yuan. Not only did the PRC want to focus on the production of steel, coal and petrol-chemicals, but also on transportations such as the Chinese automobile. An event, which is a perfect example to demonstrate the successes of the Five Year Plan would be the construction of a road and railway bridge, which crossed the Yangzi River, which can be seen as a contribution to the modernization of China. By 1952 the PRC had introduced their goals of what they wanted to achieve during the Five Year Plan. Their targets were to produce at least 555,000 bicycles by 1957, yet instead they produced more than 1,740,000. Also, they planned on manufacturing 4,000 trucks, but they achieved to produce more than 7,500. However magnificent this all sounds and how proud China must have been, if Russia had not helped China to industrialize, they would have never been able to compare themselves with the Soviet Union after their Five Year Plan had Worked so well. Meaning, China was not as successful as Russia had been, because China got the Soviet Unions support, whereas Russia made it on their own two feet. However, one should give credit to Mao for the Five Year Plan, because this was one of his only successful domestic policies and it gave China a better economic position in the world. The Hundred Flowers Campaign, which was a domestic policy, introduced in 1956, was probably Mao’s greatest Failure during has dictatorship. When Mao became the Chairman in 1949 he strict freedom of speech policies, since he did not welcome any other political opinions other than those of communism. In 1956, Mao Zedong decided it was time to allow people in China to speak their minds free from fear of persecution by the government. Mao wanted to encourage free speech and healthy arguments. This was introduced with the phrase â€Å"let a hundred flowers bloom.† With this he wanted allow the expression of diverse ideas. Mao colleagues to stop this policy, due to the fact that Stalin had lost power in Poland and Hungry through this policy. However, he pressured boldly forward. After some time thing got out of hand and Mao replaced it with the ‘anti-rightist’ operation. Mao sent intellectuals, layers and even teacher to the countryside, had them humiliated publicly, or let them be assassinated. The Hundred Flowers Campaign was a disaster. Thousands were killed because they had their own opinion and expressed it freely, just the way Mao had provoked. When Mao said: â€Å"It is only by using discussion, criticism and reasoning that we can really foster correct ideas, overcome wrong ideas and really settle issues.† and then killed the majority of those who obeyed his new policy, one must ask oneself, what he really intended with this. One could argue that Mao did not create the Hundred Flower Campaign to get feed-back and criticism so that he can improve the countries situation, it is thought that Mao introduced the Campaign to find those who had something to say against him and his ideas in a quicker and more efficient way than before. In conclusion, Mao became more powerful, however, be betrayed his own country. This is how one can see where his domestic policies were much less successful than his foreign ones. With his foreign policy mention earlier, he provoked death due to a war, whereas in his domestic policies he provoked death due to his own ignorance and utter ruthlessness. Once one has made one mistake, it seems as though one has released a chain of reactions. At least this is the case for Mao, because his next mistake was not far from his last one. The Great Leap Forward, which took place in 1958-1962, was a hardship on the peasants. Even though China had modernized and industrialized there were still many problems to come. Although Mao stood upright for equal treatment of all humans and even though Mao and his family were peasants, he set up a list of strict rules for the peasants to obey. This was a result of the following. Mao realized that not enough food was being produced and brought to the cities, because of the migration that took place in the Five Year Plan. Too much of the population was now working in the factories and the economic planner concluded that this was the fault of the peasants. Since the peasant families were increasing rapidly each month, too much grain was going to the individual families, and thus, Mao decided to put the peasants under strict central control and direction. During the great peasant revolution Mao had given the serfs freedom and the land that once belonged to the landowners now belonged to them. However, the Collectivisation Plan changed everything. Now the peasants were not working for themselves anymore, but for the government, to prevent another shortage of grain in the cities. China’s agricultural land was split into 70,000 communes, each consisting of 750,000 brigades, each made up of 200 households. The setting of prices, distribution of products, farming methods and the sales were all controlled by the PRC. Since the targets of grain production of the government were so high, there was not much grain left for the people. Hunger and death was well known during that time, and millions had died of starvation. Alone in Tibet 20% of the population had starved to death. The main problem of this crisis was that nobody told Mao about these happenings, because they were all afraid to undergo the same destiny as all the others who told him the bad news. However, one man did find the courage after all and open his heart to Mao. Mr. Peng Dehuai was the minister of defence, and decided to let Chairman know about the disasters that were going on. He was dismissed and sent to the countryside. By now nearly all of China was afraid to say anything against or even to him. The Collectivisation system pulled China down more than ever. In 1958 200 million tons of grain were being produced, but in 1962 less than 160 million tons were produced. A similar thing happened to the meat production. In 19584,3 million tons of meat were being manufactured and by 1968 only 1,9 tons were being produced. Mao’s plan had once again not worked. Almost thirty million people died in China from his domestic policies, however, his foreign policies did not cause such harsh consequences for anyone. One must look at the success of the domestic and foreign policies from three different perspectives. One, the Chinese citizens perspective during Mao’s dictatorship, two, Mao’s own viewpoint, and three, the perception of the success of today’s people. The Chinese people of that time lived the changes, the success and most of all the failures. Like in many situations, the negative things were paid more attention, due to the harsher memories, which are well in mind. The people suffered, lost family members and were tortured mentally and physically. Even though Mao became like a God for them after the â€Å"Little Red Book† was published in May 1964. It was a book of quotations from Mao and was there to give the Chinese citizens a better view of what he was doing. Mao was feared and therefore obeyed. From Mao’s point of view, things seemed to be going great because be barely received feedback from his colleagues, because they were too afraid of him as well. The fear, which developed through out the years came from the punishment that people had to undergo. The rumours of what was happening did not even have to go around the country; the majority of the people saw the humiliations and various other punishments with their own eyes. Anyhow, Mao was partially not informed about the millions of deaths that were occurring, therefore he was probably satisfied with his work, and believed that he was successful. Then, if one looks at the overall damaged he caused with his domestic and foreign policies one can see that his domestic policies were much less successful than his foreign policies. If Mao would still be alive today he would possibly realize his mistakes and would think similar to the perspective of today. Mao was a man with visions and ideas, which he thought to be most important. However, he did more harm then did he help people with his domestic and foreign policies. One can even consider his foreign policies more successful in some ways, because his support in the Korean War did not kill as many people as his domestic polices resulted in killing. Nevertheless, one mustn’t generalize everything. One must also look from different perspectives such as Mao’s for an example. He was often left uninformed about what was really going on in the country; therefore he was most likely felt successful. The peasants had a much different point of view due to the more authentic experiences they had to undergo. But by looking at the situation form the modern eyes of today, one can clearly see the successes and failures of Chairman Mao’s dictatorship. His domestic policies were less successful than his foreign policies due to the numbers of deaths. It seems as though Mao released a chain reaction of mistakes as he did his first one with the Hundred Flowers Campaign in 1957, and that there was no way of stopping it.

Serial Killer Richard Kuklinski - 5634 Words

CRIMIONLOGY AN SOCIOLOGICAL UNDERSTANDING TO CRIMINAL THINKING Instructor: Mr. Kowalski Student: Jonathan Beale Subject: Richard Kuklinski AKA The Ice Man Richard Kuklinski in my opinion was a serial killer. Due to the abuse he received not just from his parents but also his neighbors and classmates this would be used as an excuse for why Richard did what he did. Richard upbringing was not like so many ordinary families where both parents lived in the house and both was involved in the child’s life, and there main focus was the best interest of the child. Richards’s parents were involved in his upbringing but in a way that caused him to lose a part of humanism which will cause harm to so many people. Because of the abuse his†¦show more content†¦What he told her he did for a living is exactly what he did; but her understanding of a plumber was the deception that Richard portrayed. His plumber job was actually flushing life out of humans for the Mafia and for his own gratification. Over the years Richard mastered his skills when it came to killing. He used guns, knives, poison, strangulation, ice picks, screwdrive rs, hand grenades and would even at times burn his victims if asked by his clients to do so to ensure that they suffered before they left this world. Within himself Richard developed a cold inner self for his victims. When asked how he felt when he killed someone he would reply â€Å"I feel nothing inside for any of the victims I’ve killed. They didn’t mean anything to me and they had it coming and I was the one to give them Just Deserts for what they did to my clients†. Nothing was personal for Mr. Kuklinski just business and he took pride in pleasing his clients. The only people that he truly cared for was his family and he was very regretful that he hurt them the way he hurt them because they found out what he did for a living in an unexpected way. 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